The incredible variation of life forms across our planet inspired Charles Darwin to devise his theory of natural selection. This biodiversity is celebrated each year with the Darwin photographic competition. As reported in The Guardian, below are this year's winners. Read the full article here.
Overall winner: Tree Frog by Simon Roberts
'A small tree frog posing on some lichen. Very cute little fella, only an inch and a half in size'
Orang-utan Contemplating Invertebrate Life by Dr Susan M Cheyne
'As part of an ongoing ape behavioural research and conservation project, I was following this wild adult male who was starting to develop cheek pads. As he moved towards a tree in fruit, a dragonfly flew past at eye level; he paused to watch its flight before slowly moving on'
Deadly Love by Michael Hin
'A male garden spider (Araneus diadematus) approaches a female in an attempt to mate with her. His attempt was unsuccessful, she killed him shortly after this and wrapped him in silk'
Crocodile Fish by Richard Hutchinson
'Exploring the Sulawesi Seas I discovered a beautifully camouflaged crocodile fish. In awe and admiration, I felt compelled to immortalise it'
Bee Meets His Maker by Tim Protheroe
'A white crab spider (Thomisus spectabilis) sucking the juices out of an unfortunate bumblebee (Bombus terrestris). This may seem odd because the spider is white and the lavender is purple but the bee can only see in ultraviolet and from the bees eyes the spider is perfectly camouflaged'
The speculation of life on other planets is rife, although no proof has been found as yet. When life is discovered somewhere other than Earth it will be an exciting day indeed.
To help up decide where to look for life, we can start on our own planet where some conditions are so extreme they are similar to other known worlds in the solar system. Surprisingly, these harsh environments can be teeming with life. Thanks to Mental_Floss here are some severe environments and life forms which can handle them. Read more here.
The Dead Sea
The Dead Sea has such a high saline content that pillars of salt form on its banks. Yet Halobacterium salinarum lives in its waters. Halobacterium is one of the most ancient of microbes, and depends more on light for survival than on oxygen. It adjusts its own needs according to the available light and oxygen.
So Deep, Light Can't Penetrate
Sinkholes deep beneath the Great Lakes have a very different chemical makeup from the water above. These pockets are filled with salt, acid, and sulfur, but have purple cyanobacteria that use sulfur instead of oxygen for photosynthesis. Other species that live too deep for sunlight to penetrate live on sulfur without photosynthesis.
High-altitude Volcanos
The Socompa volcano is 20,000 feet high in the Andes mountains. Conditions there include little oxygen, lack of water, ultraviolet radiation, and methane. But scientists have found moss, algae, and over a hundred species of bacteria living in the shadow of Socompa. The area has been compared to Mars in its ability to sustain life.
Water Bears
Water Bears or Tardigrades are able to survive in extreme environments that would kill almost any other animal. Tardigrades occur over the entire world, from the high Himalayas (above 6,000 m), to the deep sea (below 4,000 m) and from the polar regions to the equator.
Some can survive temperatures of -273°C, close to absolute zero, temperatures as high as 151 °C (303 °F), 1,000 times more radiation than other animals such as humans, more than a century without water, and even the vacuum of space. In September 2007, tardigrades were taken into low Earth orbit on the and for 10 days were exposed to the vacuum of space. After they were returned to Earth, it was discovered that many of them survived and laid eggs that hatched normally, making these the only animals shown to be able to survive the vacuum of space.
Beneath Antarctica?
Two miles beneath the ice of Vostok Research Station in Antarctica, a huge freshwater lake has been isolated from the rest of the world for millions of years. The water is below freezing temperature, but stays liquid because of the pressure from the ice above. Researchers have not yet broken through to the water, but samples of ice just above the lake reveal the presence of microbe fossils. The lake is saturated with oxygen due to the temperature and pressure, and has been compared with the environments of Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Enceladus. There are plans to send down a probe called a cryobot, but extreme care will be taken to preserve the pristine conditions of the isolated lake.
Every now and then mother nature produces something a little different. While some animals will die because of these defects, others will go on to lead full and happy lives. Thanks to weirdworm.com, from pink dolphins to four legged ducks, here are some freaks of nature. See the full set here.
The hot pink dolphin off of the Gulf of Mexico
Six Legged Frog
Six legged frogs are found all over the country and they are believed to be developing that way due to water run off from farms, which contains poison and pesticides.
Albino Alligator
Albino alligators are a rarity to see, but are fascinating nonetheless.
Two faced kitten
Two faced kittens are born and can live to be full grown cats.
The Daily Telegraph produced an article called Best friends fur-ever which looked at the most unexpected animal friendships that have blossomed all over the world. Below is a select few.
Eight-month-old orphan elephant Themba, whose name means 'hope' in Xhosa, who has struck up a friendship with a sheep called Albert at the Shamwari Game Reserve in South Africa
Wild animals and urban areas don't mix, for a variety of reasons. When they do it can end in tears - for all those involved.
However sometimes unusual animals live in the city as pets, and will turn a few heads when taken for a walk! Today the Daily Telegraph takes a look at urban animals of all shapes, sizes and origins. See a few more pictures here.
If going on summer holidays, especially to a country you're not familiar with, it's important to gain un understanding of the local wildlife and dangers associated with them. AMOG.com has put together a list containing 10 Animals to Watch Out For This Summer (Because They Might Kill You). Here is a sample of what to look out for in and around the water.